Physical Chemistry: A Molecular Approach PDF

Physical Chemistry: A Molecular Approach PDFPhysical Chemistry: A Molecular Approach PDF is intended to supplement chemical reagents used in a physical chemistry laboratory, although it can be used by anyone who is interested in the study of chemistry. It describes the chemical reaction that is involved in the chemical reactions that occur in a chemical environment and the concepts that one should be familiar with to successfully do research.The basic physical chemistry of the human body is widely covered in the book. The reader will learn about water molecules, hydrogen bonds, molecular structures, and organic molecules. Each chapter of the book contains a wealth of information which a student of this subject may find extremely useful. A student of this subject should know how to perform the laboratory experiments to which the chapters are dedicated, but it would also be helpful to be able to understand what is being explained.The main features of the book are that it is written in such a way as to explain not only the elements that are commonly encountered in the field of physical chemistry, but also the topics that are not commonly addressed. In fact, the reader will learn things that are rarely taught in any chemistry class. The book contains a comprehensive review of all topics that are typically introduced in an introductory physical chemistry course.Students who need some assistance understanding this material will find this useful. In addition, the book offers methods for taking notes, has important references, and includes short feedback. This book is organized in a manner that makes it easy to read through it and determine where the information is relevant to the class.An additional advantage of the book is that it provides information on handling, measuring, and preparing chemical compounds. These can be handled simply, but other methods of handling are presented. For example, a reference is provided for a technique called 'accelerated naphthalene re action' to help a student learn the basics of working with this compound.One weakness of the book is that many of the examples are merely illustrations and have no direct relevance to the material that is being discussed. For example, a small section of the book is devoted to summarizing the properties of phosphorus. The illustrations for this topic consist only of graph paper.Even with these drawbacks, the author of the Physical Chemistry: A Molecular Approach PDF has done a good job of presenting the material in a clear and concise manner. This author has also included a number of appendices, which make up the remainder of the book. Some of the appendices include chemicals that are commonly used in laboratory settings, like water, gases, and solvents. Others consist of more general materials, such as how to handle samples or how to create structures.There are many different kinds of chemistry. Although some of the methods are more common than others, the study of chemistry is very broad and there are many other approaches to be discovered. If you are not a chemist, this book may not be something that you would want to read, but if you are interested in learning about chemistry then it is certainly something you should look into.

How to Choose a Video Chemistry Textbook

How to Choose a Video Chemistry TextbookWhen it comes to learning about the sciences and the arts, there is a range of options for you to select from when it comes to choosing a video chemistry textbook. The latest book will be one that will meet your needs when it comes to an efficient introduction for your students to a course in this subject.The price of the chemistry textbook is important to consider as well. You need to make sure that you are going to get one that you can afford so that you do not have to worry about the cost of the material when it comes to the purchase. It is also important to make sure that the textbook you choose will meet the needs of your students when it comes to the amount of space that they need.One of the things that students are looking for when it comes to a science class is the knowledge and the scientific experience. They are looking for teachers who have a sound grasp of the science that they are studying and are able to provide students with the kind of class that they need to succeed. So, you want to make sure that the textbook you choose has plenty of information on chemistry that you can provide to your students. It is also important to make sure that the book that you choose will help students learn the science behind the materials that they are studying.The type of textbook that you choose will depend on what type of class you will be teaching. If you are teaching a class on physics, you might want to choose a textbook that is more in depth as well as longer in length. If you are teaching a math class, you might want to choose a book that has short information on the different techniques that are used to solve mathematical problems. This book can come in handy for students that are more likely to be math challenged.You will want to make sure that the textbook that you choose will fit in with the style of class that you will be teaching. The science and the art based classes may take more time to learn and may require a more advanced book than a class that is more about the science and less about the arts. This will also be dependent on how much of the material that you are going to be teaching is based on a theory or a fact.When you are making the decision about which textbook you will buy, make sure that you do not rush into a decision as quickly as possible. There are many textbook options out there so you may find that you do not want to buy a particular textbook because you are not 100% sure that you will be able to use it effectively. Also, if you choose to buy textbooks for online classes, it is important to make sure that you do not buy the wrong textbook.You want to make sure that you have the right book for the right situation. This will be one of the most important decisions that you make when it comes to making sure that you are getting the best science book for your classroom. Whether you are teaching a class on science or learning about the arts, it is important to make sure that you have the right book for the situation.

Chemistry Sol Answers and Online Study Guides

Chemistry Sol Answers and Online Study GuidesChemistry Sol Questions, would you like to improve your knowledge of the subject? There are many sources available on the internet where you can learn about the subject, and you might want to read some of these chemistry sol questions and answers. There are hundreds of questions that can be answered and some of them will even give you hints as to what you should do next. However, you should never try to answer a question all by yourself, but always ask a person who knows more about chemistry.It doesn't matter what your level is, when it comes to science, everything is possible to study if you put your mind to it. You might find it hard to learn from a book, but you can get up and do an experiment or take a test.A test will not be easy, but there are actually some online resources that allow you to go through a test without taking a written test. All you need to do is write a single essay based on a real world example and then test yourself .The results of the test will be very helpful, and you will be able to understand a chemical equation or other phenomenon more clearly. Some websites provide sample essays, but you have to go through each section to find the one that matches with the test that you have. There are also an increasing number of online tutorials where you can find the topics of interest to you.Some of the best websites will provide you with a set of good chemistry sol questions and answers for free. Others, however, offer a membership-based service where you can access more than a hundred chemistry sol questions and answers for a one time fee. This makes it much easier to learn all the material for the test because you won't have to do any studying at all.You can search online for the sites that have chemistry sol answers, and you might even find a comprehensive list where you can choose the ones that interest you. For those of you who don't want to spend money on websites, there are several online guid es that can give you the information you need to learn chemistry.When you know what chemistry sol answers you need, you can concentrate more on doing a test or homework assignment, rather than the work involved in a subject. The material is available for free, so you can spend your time better.

What is a MOOC

What is a MOOC A MOOC, or Massive Open Online Course, is a free, virtual college class available either through a universitys own website or an external website like Coursera or edX. The goal of these courses is to offer the material typically found only in college classrooms to anyone with an internet connection. While no actual college credit is typically awarded for completing one of these courses, many parent institutions provide a certificate of completion (for a fee) and a final grade to their online students. Here is some information on online educationthat you may find useful. With upwards of 10,000 students per class and littleif anycontact with your professor, why should you enroll in a MOOC? Review the below reasons many students opt for MOOCs, and then decide if these courses fit within your academic plan. 1.To preview the content of a class or subject Many MOOCs serve as useful introductions to a given field. Coursera, for example, offers a class entitled, Epidemiology: The Basic Science of Public Health. Designed to be a public health primer, the course lasts just six weeks and has no prerequisites. Classes like these are a wonderful way to determine if you have an interest in a subject before you invest your tuition money, in-class time, and a space on your transcript to a course in that field. This is some great information on the rise on online college courses. 2.To refresh the material learned in a previous course Did you take Calculus I in the first semester of your freshman year of college, but you did not schedule Calculus II until the second semester of your sophomore year? Many students in situations such as these rely upon MOOCs to review the material they have previously. They are then prepared to complete a higher-level class in that subject. 3.To pursue an outside interest that is not offered at your school Even with the comprehensive list of courses that the majority of colleges and universities publish today, students are occasionally unable to explore all of their academic interests. If you attend a small liberal arts college, for example, classes like Financial Markets (available through Yale University on Coursera) may be difficult to find. With MOOCs, you possess the opportunity to learn material not found on your own campus. 4. To enhance a resume Earning a certificate of completion is a concrete method of proving that you have learned enough in a course to pass a college class in that subject. Certain students take a specific MOOC to demonstrate their capabilities to future employers and college or graduate school admissions officers. Here is some great information on how to create your first resume. 5. To challenge yourself Without any academic penalty, students in MOOCs are encouraged to enroll in courses outside their comfort zones. Unlike classes that are recorded on your transcript, MOOCs emphasize progressive learning and understanding over mastery, and they allow students the freedom to learn without the pressure of performing perfectly. 6. Flexibility Because they are online, lectures and problem sets can be completed according to the students schedule. Students can also take as many or as few courses as they wish without penalty, and they are able to drop or add a class frequently. If you are searching for an educational experience focused on furthering your own knowledge with an emphasis on progress, a MOOC might be right for you. The most popular MOOC websites are Coursera.org and Edx.org, but remember that individual universities (like MIT) also maintain their own websites. MOOCs allow you to become an independent learner in a global community, and for some students, being one of 10,000 represents an ideal learning opportunity.

Adding And Subtracting Rational Expressions

Adding And Subtracting Rational Expressions Rational expression is a fraction of two polynomials When polynomials in the denominator 0. For example: - (x^1 + 2)/ (x^2 + 1) is a rational expression where x^2 + 1 0. Other examples of rational expressions like (x + 1) / (x + 2) (3x^2 + 2) / (x + 5) (9x^3 + 6x^2 + 8x + 5) / (7x^2 + 5x + 9) 3/ x 5 / (x + 1) Few examples those are not a rational expressions: - [5 + x^(3/2)] / (x + 9): - It is not a rational expression because 5 + x^ (3/2) is not a polynomial. Polynomial defines that the power should be non- negative intger but 3/ 2 is not an integer. [1 + x ^ (-1)] / x: - -1 is a negative number so numerator is not a polynomial. Hence it is not a rational expression. 2x / [x ^ (2) + 5]: - 2 is not integer so it is not a rational expression. Examples of Adding and subtracting rational expressions: - Add the following rational expressions: - (3x + 2) / x^2, (x^2 + 2) / x^3. Solution: - (3x + 2) / x^2 + (x^2 + 2) / x^3 =[ x (3x + 2) + (x^2 + 2)] / x^3 = (3x^2 + 2x + x^2 + 2) / x^3 = (4x^2 +2x + 2) / x^3 = 2(2x^2 + x + 1) / x^3 Simplify: - (x+1)/(x-1) (x-1)/(x+1) Solution: - [(x+1)^2-(x-1)^2]/[(x+1)(x-1)] =[(x^2+2x+1)-(x^2-2x+1)]/(x^2-1^2) =(x^2+2x+1-x^2+2x-1)/(x^2-1) =4x/(x^2-1)

Coworking Survival Guide for Introverts - Introvert Whisperer

Introvert Whisperer / Coworking Survival Guide for Introverts - Introvert Whisperer Coworking Survival Guide for Introverts Much has been said about coworking spaces, the new alternative to traditional office spaces that bring together freelancers and regular but remote working employees under one roof. While most traditional offices and company facilities have codes of conduct for the workplace, a coworking space may not have as many rules written in stone, but its still important to be aware of common courtesies and pleasant interactions that can make life better for everyone there. This is especially important for those who may be transitioning from working at home to working around others in a new environment. Starting Out With The Introvert Survival Guide Many people who come to work at coworking spaces are introverts. Some people have the wrong idea about introverts as being antisocial or not wanting to have any conversations, but that isnt always the case. In many cases, introverts do love to have conversations when they meet their interests, but they tend to be more picky about what they like to talk about. The great thing about coworking spaces is that since there are many people independently working, an introvert has a good chance to meet someone whos doing similar work to what theyre doing. And if theyre lucky enough, they might have a chance to add a new employee, partner or client by getting to know that person. Some Good Ways To Start Socializing Some coworking spaces have different rooms that have different atmospheres as far as talking and quiet are concerned. People who have big projects that they need a quiet atmosphere to work in will use the quiet corners or library-like rooms in order to maximize their production and meet the deadlines. But for those who need a more collaborative environment or need areas with which to try and talk to others or find a welcoming group of workers, social rooms are a better place to start. Some introverts do well in a group if that group welcomes them in on their own, but they may not do so well if they have to initiate their own way into the group. If thats the case, a good idea is for an introvert to try and find someone else who does most of their work alone and start talking with them. Making The First Approach In A Shared Office Space Often the first step for an introvert to have success in a coworking place making new contacts and friends is to engage the person in even trivial conversations, whether its having the same snack foods, using an app on the phone they both like, or just anything they find interesting that another person is doing. These connections might go somewhere, or they may not but by at least showing that theyre making a conscious effort to reach out, theres a good chance an introvert will start making friends in a fairly quick manner. But a key rule in the introvert guide to socializing is for them to make the first move themselves because thats the only way others will know theyre interested in talking to them. A Guide For Introverts To Create A Positive And Productive Atmosphere One of the best ways an introvert can make and keep friends is by exhibiting a courteous and mindful spirit in the workplace. Keeping things in mind such as using headphones when listening to music, having phone conversations in more private areas of the building and not cluttering up the work area beyond their allotted capacity are some good ways for introverts to maintain a pleasant atmosphere. When using shared equipment such as coffee makers, printers, or just kitchen areas in general, its good to clean up messes, refill equipment that was used, and make sure things are reset to the condition they were in when appropriate. And while usually there are designated areas for eating meals, if they have to be eaten while work is being done its good to make sure they arent messy and wont cause a disturbance to others. Writer’s byline: The article was written by Gigi Wara. Gigi is a freelance writer and traveler, currently based in Thailand. She writes and blogs for The Work Loft. Topic of interest includes anything related to self-improvement and career development. Go to top SELF-PROMOTION Let me emphasize that Self-Promotion doesn’t have to be obnoxious to be effective.  But, if you don’t Self-Promote you, who will?  If you ever want to get ahead, you have to learn how to Self-Promote. I want to help you accelerate your career by connecting you with your Free Instant Access to my video that shows you simple, yet effective ways to Self-Promote. Start watching now by clicking here! Brought to you by Dorothy Tannahill-Moran â€" dedicated to unleashing your professional potential. Introvert Whisperer

Where To Take Portuguese Lessons

Where To Take Portuguese Lessons Find Out Where To Find The Best Portuguese Classes Across The UK ChaptersLearn Portuguese In LondonPortuguese Lessons In ManchesterPortuguese Classes In BirminghamLearning Portuguese In LeedsGet Fluent In Portuguese In GlasgowPortuguese Lessons BelfastPortuguese Lessons CardiffPortuguese Lessons EdinburghThere are no two ways about it - learning a second language can only be a good thing.When you consider the reasons for studying a new language such as Portuguese, it is so easy to think of the positive rewards like being able to communicate with Portuguese speakers, having an extra skill on your CV, becoming more intelligent, and so on... yet it is really tough to think of any disadvantages. Can you think of any off the top of your head?There's a common misconception, usually among monolinguals (those who speak only one language), that being bilingual or even multilingual can cause you to become confused and mix up the different dialects. Any person who speaks a language on top of their mother tongue will disagree with this, as the different langu ages simply make sense in your head.Yes, okay, you may find yourself merging similar languages at the start of your language learning journey (especially languages like Spanish and Italian, for example), but soon enough you will master the language to a degree where you will just switch from one to the other with ease and all will click into place.Never mind worrying about which tie to wear to an interview, with an extra language skill on your CV you could ooze confidence and sail through the process. Photo on Visual HuntSo, now that we've established that there's absolutely no reason not to learn a foreign language, here are some advantages to learning Portuguese  specifically.Reasons For Learning Portuguese1. Portuguese is a highly useful languagePortuguese is the official language of Portugal and is a widely spoken language (probably more so than you think), so is definitely worth learning. While learning French and German is common at school, there are far more native speakers o f Spanish and Portuguese, with  over 230 million of the population  speaking  Portuguese  (among this number 222 million have it as their mother tongue).More people opt for Spanish over Portuguese, but what they may not know is that Portuguese is spoken not only in Portugal but it is also a principal language in Brazil (Brazilian Portuguese), Angola, Cape Verde, Mozambique, East Timor, Equatorial Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, and  São Tomé and Príncipe.  Portuguese is also widely spoken in Sri Lanka, Goa, India, and Macau, which shows that is commonly spoken across numerous continents.2. Learning Portuguese opens opportunities to travelAs we've discovered, Portuguese is on many people's lips, and not just in Europe! By becoming proficient in Portuguese, you could enable yourself to travel freely across Europe, South America, Africa, and Asia with little or no language barrier. So why not go and catch up with some of the 230 million speakers of this language and discover the world at the same time?Learning a new language like Portuguese opens up opportunities to travel and get by across the world. Photo credit: flossyflotsam on VisualhuntAlso, with Brazil having the eighth largest economy in the whole world, that seems like a good place to visit if you are on the search for a job!3. Portuguese will improve your career prospectsWhile having any second language will work to your advantage, there's a reason why Portuguese might make you stand out from the rest. Portuguese is said to be the seventh most studied language, therefore, with it being much lower down the table than its popular peers, as a speaker of this language, you could be bringing something unique to a business.In the US, Portuguese doesn't even come in in their top ten most studied languages, so US employers would have a field day if they saw this on your resume!4. Portuguese will help you learn other 'Romance' languagesFair enough, having a knowledge of Latin will ease the process of learning Latin-ba sed languages, but why not skip this process and move straight onto learning a language that you can actually use in real life, with real-life people, and in real-life situations? By learning Portuguese, you could make learning other languages like French or Spanish way simpler. The same goes if you do it the other way around - so if you are already a French or Spanish speaker, you will no doubt find that you pick up Portuguese really easily.Other examples of Romance languages are Romanian and Catalan, so it's not just the same old languages we are talking about here!5. Portuguese is a beautiful languageFinally, what really speaks for itself is the beauty and elegance of spoken Portuguese.As one of those languages that simply rolls off of the tongue of fluent speakers, it is mesmerising. It's no wonder that the 'Romance' languages are linked to love, they sound so breathtaking! Fall in love with Portuguese or fall in love with someone speaking to you in Portuguese... either way you will definitely want to learn this language once you start to learn more about it, I assure you!See below just a snippet of the Portuguese lessons, online courses, and workshops available to you across the country. During these sessions, you will learn to speak either beginner Portuguese, conversational skills or business Portuguese and will be taught about sentence structure, verbs, conjugation, pronunciation, vocab,  and grammar rules.You might,  for example, learn the days of the week and other common words and phrases, like 'obrigado' ('thank you').. Alternatively, you could look at going to Queen’s University Belfast, which runs beginners’ Portuguese courses over a period of 10 weeks.If you are interested in learning Portuguese though, whether European or Brazilian, it’s worth noting that it will likely take some time commitment from you in order to get better at the language and improve your speaking, reading, writing, and listening skills.For example, Language Trainers estimates that students would likely have to put in the following times in order to reach a certain proficiency in Portuguese:Elementary level of Portuguese â€" 30 hours;Intermediate level of Portuguese â€" 150 hours; andAdvanced level of Portuguese â€" 400 hours.So, if you are serious about getting better at Portuguese, it’s a good idea to be aware of how much time you can commit to learning a new language and think about which proficiency level you’d ultimately like to reach.Try Your Hand At Online LearningIf none of the courses above seems appealing, or you’re unsure about whether you can commit to attending regular Portuguese language classes, then you could also consider getting better at Portuguese with the help of online resources.There are plenty of apps out there that may help you get better at Portuguese, with some of the most well-known being:Babbel;Duolingo; andMosaLingua.On apps such as Babbel and Duolingo, lessons are often delivered in bite-sized chunks, which m akes these apps good to use to learn foreign languages such as Portuguese if you’re particularly time-poor.What’s more, some language learning apps are free to use, so if you’re thinking about studying a foreign language, whether that’s Portuguese, French, German, Spanish, or another language, these apps can be a good way to learn about the basics of a language and gauge whether you’d be interested in further study.It’s worth noting that, while these apps and websites can be very helpful, especially if you would consider yourself a beginner taking Portuguese classes London, you might find it harder to get as much value out of these kinds of language programmes if you’re a more advanced speaker, or consider yourself fluent or near-fluency in Portuguese.For advanced speakers, often going to a dedicated language class where you have the opportunity to speak in Portuguese, discuss complex matters in Portuguese, and learn about advanced aspects of Portuguese grammar can be more helpful.If you study a degree in Portuguese, you often have the chance to go on a year abroad (Image Source: Pixabay)Portuguese Lessons CardiffIf you live in Cardiff and want to learn Portuguese, then you’ll be pleased to hear there are plenty of options available regardless of your ability level.For example, if you’re a complete beginner when it comes to Portuguese, then you might want to consider attending a course designed to introduce you to the basics of the language.The University of Cardiff, for example, runs part-time courses designed for beginners’ Portuguese courses. Lasting 12 weeks, the course can help complete beginners who want to learn how to “hold a basic conversation” in Portuguese, with the course having a particular focus on Brazil.Even if you’re not a complete beginner in Portuguese, there are other basic Portuguese courses offered by the University of Cardiff, including the “Portuguese for Beginners II” course or “Portuguese for Improvers Stage B”.Note that the Portuguese for Improvers course runs for 20 weeks, and not 12, so you would have to be prepared to commit more time to your Portuguese studies to take this course.There’s Plenty To Learn In A Portuguese ClassThe content of a Portuguese lesson will depend on many factors, including:Your existing ability level in Portuguese;How long your course will run for;Whether you’re learning about European Portuguese or Brazilian Portuguese; andHow well you can read, write, speak, and listen in Portuguese.Beginners courses in Portuguese in Cardiff might cover areas such as basic grammar, including the past and present tense, or learning about basic adjectives, pronouns, and introductions.On the other hand, an advanced Portuguese speaker might learn more about complex areas of grammar or learning how to discuss particularly complex subjects that require an in-depth knowledge of Portuguese vocabulary.Moving Past Beginners’ Portuguese Lessons In CardiffAlthough it’s great to know that there are beginners courses out there in Portuguese, there are other types of Portuguese classes available in Cardiff.For example, there are conversational Portuguese classes available through providers such as Language Trainers and Listen Learn, who generally offer a lot of flexibility when it comes to how you take your Portuguese lessons. One to one, group classes, and Skype lessons are just some of the lesson formats available.Aside from conversational Portuguese classes, you can also learn about Portuguese for business purposes. Cactus Language Training is just one provider that offers business Portuguese lessons, whether on a weekly or intensive basis.Alternatively, Simon Simon also offers business Portuguese lessons, using what they call the “Communicative Approach” to help you improve your understanding of Portuguese.Edinburgh has lots of Portuguese language classes on offer (Image Source: Pixabay)Portuguese Lessons EdinburghIf you’re looking to le arn Portuguese in Scotland, or more specifically in Edinburgh, then you have plenty of language tutors to choose from!For example, you might choose to improve your knowledge of Portuguese by going to the inlingua language centre. Offering classes in both European Portuguese and Brazilian Portuguese, there are lessons available for all ability levels.So, if you just want to learn common greetings or common phrases in Portuguese, or you’d like to learn about more technical aspects of Portuguese grammar, you should be able to find a course that can help you.It’s worth noting that how long the evening classes run can depend on the number of students attending a course. The more students there are, the longer the course is likely to run, with timeframes of 12 weeks given for five to ten students, 10 weeks for four students, and 8 weeks for three students.If you’re looking for a slightly different approach when it comes to learning Portuguese, then you could try the Portuguese Teach er. Offering classes for both general and business Portuguese, the Portuguese Teacher offers a free trial lesson for prospective students, which is a good way of seeing if you like the lessons before committing to an extended period of study.Yet another option for Portuguese language tuition in Edinburgh is Chris Polatch â€" The Language Specialists, who offer courses aimed at both junior learners as well as adults.Take Portuguese At UniversityAnother great option to learn more about Portuguese, whether that’s just to learn the basics such as the alphabet or take more serious Portuguese studies, is to take a Portuguese course through a university.If you’re looking for a short course in Portuguese then you might consider taking a course at the University of Edinburgh, which offers adult Portuguese classes for both beginners and those with an elementary knowledge of the language.However, if you’re looking to take more advanced Portuguese lessons, then you could think about going down the route of getting a formal qualification in Portuguese, such as an undergraduate degree.Again, the University of Edinburgh can help in this regard, although it’s worth noting there are minimum entry requirements that you would have to meet if you did want to study Portuguese at the university.If you do decide to study Portuguese as part of an undergraduate degree, then it’s likely you’ll be able to have a year abroad as part of your degree programme.A year abroad would give you a fantastic opportunity to improve your Portuguese language skills. This is because:Travelling to Portugal, Brazil, or another Portuguese-speaking country can help you appreciate the culture of that country more;You’ll get plenty of opportunities to practice your spoken Portuguese as well as your Portuguese listening skills; andYou’ll hopefully be able to improve your overall fluency in the language.Looking For Lessons Outside Of University?Whether or not you decide to go for formal Portugu ese study, you don’t have to rely on university language centres in Edinburgh if you’d like to learn Portuguese.Choosing to learn Portuguese (European or Brazilian) with the help of a language tutor, such as a Superprof tutor, is one option that could work well for you.With a private language tutor, you have more control over how many lessons you have, where they take place, and what kind of topics they should cover.If you think that Portuguese language tuition with a Superprof tutor might be for you, check out the range of tutors available on Superprof’s database, and see whether there’s a tutor that looks like a good fit!

A Beginners Guide to the Triangle, Percussions Most Misunderstood Instrument.

A Beginner’s Guide to the Triangle, Percussion’s Most Misunderstood Instrument. Everything You Need to Know about the Triangle (the Percussion Instrument). ChaptersWhat is the Triangle?Some Triangle Performances You Should Know.What You Need to Know to Play the Triangle.Do You Need a Triangle Teacher?The triangle is a musical instrument that gets a bit of a bad rap. It’s developed the reputation for being really easy, sort of gratuitous, and not exactly very interesting at all.However, this is not really very fair at all â€" as it is not in the least bit true. Rather, triangles â€" believe it or not â€" are actually really important instrument with a long and illustrious history. They are not just kids’ toys or instruments for beginner percussionists at all.Here, we’re going to look at some of the most important aspects of the triangle â€" from its history to its central techniques, from some famous triangle performances to the places where you can find yourself a triangle teacher. We’ll look, in fact, at everything that a beginner needs to play the triangle.And you might not think it, but there’s a lot to know about the instr ument. So, let’s get cracking. A contemporary triangle (image from Hayes Music) SerbanDrum Teacher 5.00 (11) £40/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors RickyDrum Teacher 5.00 (7) £35/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors RussellDrum Teacher 5.00 (4) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors JamesDrum Teacher 5.00 (5) £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors StephenDrum Teacher 5.00 (3) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors PeteDrum Teacher 5.00 (2) £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors OllieDrum Teacher 5.00 (5) £25/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors AlexDrum Teacher 5.00 (5) £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutorsWhat is the Triangle?The triangle is a percussion instrument that is made of a steel rod bent into the shape of â€" you guessed it â€" a triangle. And, as a percussion instrument, it is struck â€" most commonly with a metal beater, to give the instrument a bright, ringing tone. Like the marimba and the xylophone, the triangle is an idiophone â€" or an instrument that, when struck, vibrates as a whole.Something that you may have noticed is that the triangle is not quite a full triangle. Rather, one of the corners is missing.There’s a reason for this. If the instrument was a full triangle, its being struck would give a single pitch. However, that’s not quite what happens with a triangle as it is. Rather, a triangle produces lots of overtones, or harmonics â€" which gives the instrument its distinctive sound.The triangle itself aside, you will need what is conventionally known as a ‘triangle holder’ too â€" a loop from which the triangle is suspended â€" so that you don’t mute the instrument’s resonance.Now, apart from in the classroom, you’ll actually find the triangle in a lot of different musical contexts. In samba music, in a lot of Brazilian traditional music, and in classical music too. And, by the way, we’d say that if Brahms is happy to put the triangle to use, there is no reason why you should think it’s d aft yourself.A Brief History of the Triangle.So why does this instrument even exist? What has caused something so simple â€" and objectively so limited â€" to be found in different genres all over the world?The answer, actually, is quite interesting, as it goes back for hundreds and hundreds of years.The first known reference to a triangle comes from the tenth century, when it is seen in a book manuscript. Since then, images of a triangle are seen in medieval editions of the Bible, in stain-glass windows, and in a lot of Christian iconography. Indeed, according to some sources, the triangle is only beaten by the cymbal as the most common instrument played by angels in religious images.Again, this would seem to us like further support for the fact that maybe the triangle isn’t such a useless instrument after all. It has been around for potentially a thousand years!From these religious origins, the triangle began to be incorporated into European orchestral works in the eighteenth ce ntury, by composers like Brahms, Mozart, and Liszt. This resurgence of interest in the instrument was apparently due to the fact that Turkish musicians who were popular at the time used the instrument a lot.Moreover, as we mentioned, the instrument became popular in styles of Brazilian music â€" including samba and forró.Are there Different Types of Triangle?As with many percussion instruments, the triangle is not just a single thing. Rather, it comes in all different shapes and sizes.Triangles tend to come in a standard size of five inches, yet they also come in six inches, seven inches, and eight. The different size will affect the sound that the instrument produces: larger ones will be louder, yes, but they will produce lower pitches, owing to the differences in vibration.Sometimes, triangles can come with a stand â€" but more often they are played with a holder or string loop as we discussed above. These aren’t even strictly necessary, as we shall demonstrate below.The very o ld â€" we’re talking medieval â€" types of triangles would have had rings attached to the bottom side of the instrument. When the triangle was struck, these rings would jingle almost like a tambourine. And whilst this sounds cool, you don’t really find these at all anymore.Find out about different types of percussion instruments! The triangle goes back for centuries. (Image from the Fact Site)Some Triangle Performances You Should Know.To demonstrate to you that the triangle is not simply a joke instrument or a toy, it is worth looking at some places where it has been put to extraordinary use. And, as you’ll see, these create an amazing effect without which their pieces of music would be severely lacking.Johannes Brahms â€" Symphony #4 (Third Movement)One of the most famous uses of the triangle in classical music is in the third movement of Brahms’s Fourth Symphony. Throughout this triumphant, joyful movement, the triangle contributes a strange, ethereal effect that adds atmosphere to the piece.And if you have seen any video of an orchestra performing this piece, you will have noticed the look of concentration on the triangle player’s face.Franz Liszt â€" Piano Concerto No. 1 (Second Movement)Mocked once upon a time as a ‘Triangle Concerto’ â€" due to the fact that the triangle features heavily â€" L iszt’s first piano concerto is an astonishing piece.Lead, in a sense, by the triangle, the second movement’s second part is full of frantic piano lines and our percussion instrument’s constant presence.Sérgio Mendes Brasil ’66 â€" Casa ForteWe said that a considerable amount of Brazilian music features frequent use of the triangle.An example of this is in Sérgio Mendes’s ‘Casa Forte’, a wild bossa nova track with a strong percussion section. Here, the triangle is heard in its different style: not just with its piercing ring, but used in its percussive mode too.Find out how to play the marimba - or how to play the xylophone!What You Need to Know to Play the Triangle.So, you have heard some famous uses of the triangle. It’s not time to pick up your own instrument and get playing yourself. At this point you’ll see that it is not such a straightforward technique.Here, we are going to look at three techniques: the basic strike, the roll, and the muted bossa nova tech nique as heard in ‘Casa Forte’.Holding the Triangle.Before you start to play, you’ll need to attach the triangle holder. Loop the string onto the open corner and pull the string onto the first closed corner you reach.Now, if you are right-handed, hold the triangle in your left hand with the open corner pointing leftwards.Striking the Triangle.As you are holding the triangle with the holder, you can now practise striking the instrument. As you would with a drum, you need to strike it with the beater and then return your hand to its original position â€" otherwise it will not resonate.It is best to strike it towards the closed corner to the right of your hand.The Triangle Roll.Once you have got the basic strike down, you can try the triangle roll. This is where you put the beater inside one of the closed corners of the triangle and quickly strike at either side.This will produce a jangling effect that recalls a drum roll.Muting the Triangle.Now, for the more rhythmic technique, you want to unloop the triangle holder and place the top corner of the triangle onto your left hand’s index finger. It should balance on that finger so that your left hand’s other fingers are able to move.Now you can use those free fingers to mute and unmute the triangle during rhythms â€" just as they do in Brazil.Find out how to play the tambourine - or how to play the steel hang! We use the triangle in orchestras too!Do You Need a Triangle Teacher?As with any musical instrument, a decent triangle teacher would help you improve your technique.However, you are going to find very few â€" if any â€" teachers that only work with the triangle. As the triangle takes its place amongst the other instruments of the percussion section, your best bet is to find a general percussion teacher.One of the best places to find one of these is with Superprof. We have a huge number of tutors available for tutoring across the world â€" either in person or online. Just search for a percussion tutor!

Free Error Correction Card Game

Free Error Correction Card Game By Rebecca Kennison [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html), CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/) or CC BY 2.5 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5)], from Wikimedia CommonsResearch has revealed that some of the strongest influences on student learning include reciprocal teaching, cooperative learning, and computer-assisted instruction (Hattie, 2009). ESL teachers can make excellent use of all three of these powerful pedagogical levers at once by having students play a simple card game, like this one in Actively Engaged Online  (Walker, 2015) from Bokomaru Publications  with the support of a grammar checker especially designed for English Second Language learners. Error_Correction_card_game_from_Actively_Engaged_Online                ________________ Good Pedagogy Savvy teachers will see a range of pedagogical opportunities open up as students play this error correction card game. This serious game provides useful practice correcting avoidable errors, with a number of additional benefits. (You can skip all the rationale and read the how-to  below if you prefer.) Learning to correct high-frequency errors is only one good reason to have students play this game. Here are four more. Since only the correct answer can win the card, this game provides opportunities for peer-feedback on grammatical form in a safe and structured way. By providing both the prompt and the correct answer, the cards ensure that the feedback is correct and uncontroversial. And since the cards do not provide explanations for the corrections, the question “Why?” will arise naturally from time to time during game-play. Uncertainty about the nature of the error and the reason for the correction will create contexts for students to discuss the corrections and the grammatical rules that motivate them, a form of consciousness-raising. When students disagree with each other about the grammatical rule that motivates a correction, they may find themselves reaching for a reliable reference that they can use to answer their grammar questionsa form of metacognition. If students use their cell phones to visit an online grammar checker in order to answer questions about an error, they will get to use their cell phones in a new way to further their learningan opportunity to develop their digital literacy. Heres where the game gets really interesting.                ________________ Online Grammar Checker Support As mentioned above, one advantage to having students play this game is that it can be used to promote students digital literacy through the judicious use of their cell phones.   Usually, teachers are justifiably cautious about allowing students to access their cell  phones in class, but in this case cell phones can be a big ally.   Heres how. Ask students to take out their cell phones for the duration of the game so that they can access the Virtual Writing Tutor grammar checker  if they need to. Why? When students feel unsure about a particular error or correction, they will be able to type the sentence into the Virtual Writing Tutors sentence corrector  on their mobile device to see the correction, a grammar explanation, and a link to a remedial activity. Since all of the grammar errors  in this card game can be detected and corrected by the VWT  online grammar checker  (Yes, Ive checked them all) teachers will indirectly be able to provide answers to questions about grammar without having to memorize all of the explanations beforehand. This computer-assisted pedagogical support dramatically reduces preparation time. Dont worry. Students will find it easy to visit the simplified mobile version of the website, type in the sentence containing the error into the text area, hit Check grammar, and get the grammar explanation they need. In this way, playing the game will promote digital literacy, autonomy, and lifelong learning skills. Using an online grammar checker to get corrective feedback on grammar errors contained in the Error Correction Card Game will thereby serve as an easy introduction to the usefulness of free online grammar checkers when it comes time to correct their own writing.                ________________ How to Play The Error Correction Card Game is an easy-to-use, mildly  competitive guessing game that is easy to explain. Have students play this card game in groups of  three or four. Shuffle the cards and place the deck in the middle. Player 1 takes a card and reads the sentence containing the error aloud to Player 2 and 3. Players 2 and 3 try to provide the best oral correction of that sentence. Player 1 gives the card to the player whose correction matches the correction on the card. If both players answer correctly at the same time, Player 1 returns the card to the bottom of the deck. If neither player answers correctly, Player 1 reads the answer and returns the card to the bottom of the deck. The player to the left takes the next turn. The player with the most cards at the end is the winner.                ________________ Download the Card Game Download this game and use it with your students by clicking on the image of the Error Correction card below, or use the hyperlink below.   I generated the PDF myself from an InDesign file and is to the best of my knowledge virus-free. Scan it yourself to be doubly sure. Download the PDF                ________________ Printing Instructions The first page in the PDF explains how to play. You dont need to print it. Instead, print pages 2-11 as two-sided copies. Use heavy paper if you have it.   Do not scale the copies to Fit to page or you will have to cut around the edges of each page. Here is a screen-shot of the print dialogue generated by Chrome.                ________________ References Hattie, J. A. C. (2009). Visible learning: A synthesis of over  800 meta-analyses relating to achievement. London, UK: Routledge. Walker, N. R. (2015). Actively Engaged Online. Montreal, Canada: Bokomaru Publications. (Jump to the how-to,    download link, or printing instructions.) Please follow and like us: